Orally Disintegrating Film: A Review of Its Formulation and Manufacturing Method

@#Oral route drug delivery system is still considered as the most convenient and patient friendly drug delivery route. Over the decades, many research has been performed to improve the functionality oral dosage form. Orally disintegrating film (ODF) is a newer oral drug delivery system, which is in the form of a thin film that will disintegrate in the oral cavity within a matter of seconds. The aim of this review paper is to recap ODF, its benefits, formulation contents and manufacturing method. With more research and development work has been conducted on ODF, the dosage form is expected to be manufactured and scaled up to be commercializable products to be sold in the market.

Comparison of Microemulsion and Solvent Evaporation Technique for Solubility Enhancement of Amlodipine Besylate

@#Introduction: Amlodipine besylate is a calcium channel blocker indicated for hypertension and angina. It is described as slightly soluble in water and due to its limited solubility, it may result in poor bioavailability. The aim of this study is to enhance the solubility of amlodipine besylate using solvent evaporation method and microemulsion technique and to compare the two methods. Method: Solid dispersions (SD) of amlodipine besylate were developed by employing solvent evaporation method. PEG6000 was the polymer of choice and different drug:polymer ratios were used. Evaluation of the prepared SDs include solubility studies, dissolution studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As for the microemulsion technique, microemulsions were prepared by phase titration method and the optimized microemulsion formulation was then characterized for solubility studies and dissolution studies. Results: SD3 with drug:polymer ratio of 1:4 achieved the highest solubility which was 96.97 mg/ml ± 0.92 whereas the solubility of the optimized microemulsion was found to be 112.54 mg/ml ± 0.92. In solvent evaporation method, as the drug:polymer ratio increases, the solubility and dissolution rate of SDs increases. Conclusion: The two methods had significantly enhance the solubility of amlodipine besylate however the microemulsion technique showed better solubility profile.

Cytotoxicity of vibrio cholerae on madin darby bovine kidney cells

The cytotoxicity of cell-free culture filtrates of 31 isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139, 5 reference strains and 26 clinical isolates, was tested on Madin Darby Bovine Kidney [MDBK] cells and Vero cells. The 3-[4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] test was used to detect the effect of the filtrates on the proliferation and viability of cultured cell populations. The filtrates were prepared from serial ten-fold dilutions of inoculated AKI and APW broth media with and without the addition of polymyxin B. The APW culture filtrates of both V. cholerae O1 and O139 with and without added polymyxin B showed greater toxicity to MDBK cells as compared to AKI filtrates. The cytotoxicity of AKI-grown V. cholerae O139 to MDBK cells was greater than that of V. cholerae O1 grown in the same medium. The cytotoxicity of APW filtrates on Vero cells was low and only noted when polymyxin was added to the medium

Analytical characterization and antimicrobial screening of the hilsha [tenualosa ilisha] fish lipid from bay of bengal

Muscle Lipid of Hilsha [Tenualosa ilisha] was solvent extracted and characterized with respect to various physical constants e.g. refractive index, moisture, crude fat, crude fibre and ash contents; and chemical parameters e.g. saponification value, saponification equivalent value, acid value, iodine value, acetyl value, peroxide value, thiocyanogen value, Reichert-Meissl value, Polenske value, Hehner value etc. and compared with those of different oils. Results also compared with the data available in literature about pharmacological aspects of Hilsha fish lipid. The oil contain high percentage of palmitic acid followed by myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, respectively, as confirmed by chromatographic examinations. However, investigation lipid sample against the microbial species was inconclusive

Fish wastewater with " PACP " filter and reuse of the treated water

Powdered activated carbon pellet [PACP] filter was found very effective for the removal of chemical oxygen demand [COD] and nutrients from the fish wastewater. It was found in the study that fish waste water generated from rearing tilapia fish in a glass aquarium for 48 hours had high organic and nutrient content. This high organic and nutrient containing wastewater while passed through the 30 cm PACP filter could remove 90% COD, 93% phosphate and 85% ammonia nitrogen after 10 L of fish wastewater loading. The optimum flow rate for the PACP filter was 100 ml/min. In a comparative study it was found that PACP filter had a better COD removal capacity compared to a same size granular activated carbon [GAC] filter. After 10 L loading of fish wastewater GAC filter showed only 50% removal where as it was 90% for PACP filter. PACP filter did not reach to the breakthrough level or exhausted after continuous loading of 35 L of fish wastewater. Filtered PACP filter wastewater was used for rearing tilapia fish and up to the fourth water changing with a 48 hours interval, the fish was in good condition and no death occurred